ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the tissue distribution of PDE5 isoforms in type 2 diabetic rat penile tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prepared ten male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, which develop NIDDM naturally, and ten control male Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (LETO) rats. An oral glucose tolerance test confirmed diabetes development in OLETF rats at 26 weeks. At 42 weeks, we checked serum glucose, testosterone, triglyceride, insulin, and adiponectin before sacrifice. We performed semi-quantitative multiplex RT-PCR for rat PDE5, PDE5A1, and PDE5A2. Immunohistochemistry was performed using mouse monoclonal anti-cGB-PDE5 and anti-smooth muscle alpha-actin. RESULTS: OLETF rats were significantly more hyperglycemic, hypogonadal, hyperinsulinemic, hypercholesterolemic, hypertriglycemic, and had lower adiponectin levels than LETO rats. Levels of PDE5 mRNA were decreased in OLETF rats, but there were no changes in PDE5A1 or PDE5A2 mRNA levels. CONCLUSION: Diabetes may contribute to decreased expression of PDE5 mRNA, but not PDE5A1 or PDE5A2, in rat penile tissue. Furthermore, serum free testosterone was decreased in diabetic rats. PDE5 has an important role in the development of diabetic erectile dysfunction, but it is not clear whether PDE5A1 and PDE5A2 gene have specific roles.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Mice , Rats , Actins , Adiponectin , Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5 , Diabetes Mellitus , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Erectile Dysfunction , Glucose , Glucose Tolerance Test , Immunohistochemistry , Insulin , Muscles , Penis , Protein Isoforms , Rats, Inbred OLETF , RNA, Messenger , Testosterone , Tissue DistributionABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the tissue distribution of PDE5 isoforms in type 2 diabetic rat penile tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prepared ten male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, which develop NIDDM naturally, and ten control male Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (LETO) rats. An oral glucose tolerance test confirmed diabetes development in OLETF rats at 26 weeks. At 42 weeks, we checked serum glucose, testosterone, triglyceride, insulin, and adiponectin before sacrifice. We performed semi-quantitative multiplex RT-PCR for rat PDE5, PDE5A1, and PDE5A2. Immunohistochemistry was performed using mouse monoclonal anti-cGB-PDE5 and anti-smooth muscle alpha-actin. RESULTS: OLETF rats were significantly more hyperglycemic, hypogonadal, hyperinsulinemic, hypercholesterolemic, hypertriglycemic, and had lower adiponectin levels than LETO rats. Levels of PDE5 mRNA were decreased in OLETF rats, but there were no changes in PDE5A1 or PDE5A2 mRNA levels. CONCLUSION: Diabetes may contribute to decreased expression of PDE5 mRNA, but not PDE5A1 or PDE5A2, in rat penile tissue. Furthermore, serum free testosterone was decreased in diabetic rats. PDE5 has an important role in the development of diabetic erectile dysfunction, but it is not clear whether PDE5A1 and PDE5A2 gene have specific roles.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Mice , Rats , Actins , Adiponectin , Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5 , Diabetes Mellitus , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Erectile Dysfunction , Glucose , Glucose Tolerance Test , Immunohistochemistry , Insulin , Muscles , Penis , Protein Isoforms , Rats, Inbred OLETF , RNA, Messenger , Testosterone , Tissue DistributionABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to correlate erectile function with polysomnographic indexes of obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) and other associated factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among the 42 patients who visited our sleep clinic, we enrolled 32 patients who scored lower than 22 on the IIEF-5(International Index of Erectile Function-5). Polysomnography(PSG) was performed for OSA evaluation. Apnea-hypopnea index(AHI), AHI during REM sleep, AHI during non-REM sleep, arousal index(AI), and sleep efficacy(SE) were used as PSG indexes. Obesity was quantified by body mass index(BMI). The patients were divided into 2 groups according to AHI: group A 10(n=19). BMI and erectile function scores were compared between the 2 groups. The correlations among erectile function scores, PSG indexes, and BMI were analyzed. RESULTS: IIEF-5 score was negatively correlated with AHI(r=-0.372, p <0.05) and AI(r=-0.472, p <0.05), and there was a positive correlation with SE(r=0.372, p <0.05) of PSG. Between the 2 AIH groups, the low AHI group had a statistically higher mean erectile function score, especially in the EF domain and in the total IIEF score compared to the high AHI group. CONCLUSIONS: Indexes for penile rigidity were negatively correlated with AHI and AI. These findings suggest that AHI, AI, and SE of PSG are meaningful indexes of erectile function and support the hypothesis that hypoxia induced by sleep apnea plays a role in poor rigidity. Further studies in larger groups, including analysis of PSG indexes and erectile function changes before and after the treatment of sleep apnea, would be necessary to confirm this hypothesis.